Comparison of methods extracting phenolic compounds from lyophilised and fresh olive pulp

This report’s general objective is to propose a method for extracting the polyphenols in lyophilised olive pulp. We studied the qualitative profiles of the corresponding phenolic extracts, using samples of Picual, Hojiblanca and Arbequina olive varieties, in order to compare the proposed method with traditional fresh pulp methods. The proposed method, based on the extraction of lyophilised olive pulp with a mixture of ethanol-water (80:20 v/v), resulted in less hydrolysis of oleuropein and ligstroside, and the extract was obtained in a 33% shorter time using 30% less solvent.     

Isolation and identification of high pressure‐resistant bacteria naturally contaminating strawberry pulp

The inactivation of bacteria naturally present in strawberry pulp was investigated after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at pressure levels up to 600 MPa at 25 °C for 5 ~ 25 min. Five strains of pressure‐resistant bacteria designated as A, B, C, D and E were isolated and identified. The five strains were gram‐positive, spore‐forming, rods or rod in chains. Growth of the strains was observed at 30 ~ 45 °C, and strain B also grew well at 55 °C. They could produce acid from glucose and were catalase‐positive. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the five strains belonged to the genus Bacillus. Strain A and D exhibited the greatest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99% with B. licheniformis and B. firmus, respectively. By combination of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain C was B. mycoides and E was B. pumilus. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics, gyrB gene sequences analysis and whole‐cell fatty acids analysis, strain B was B. amyloliquefaciens. Further studies showed that strain B (B. amyloliquefaciens) exhibited the highest pressure resistance, and it was reduced by 4.62‐log after treatment at 600 MPa for 25 min at 25 °C as the most effective observed inactivation.     

Chemical Synthesis and Enzymatic Testing of CMP‐Sialic Acid Derivatives

The cycloSal approach has been used in the past for the synthesis of a range of phosphorylated bioconjugates. In those reports, cycloSal nucleotides were allowed to react with different phosphate nucleophiles. With glycopyranosyl phosphates as nucleophiles, diphosphate‐linked sugar nucleotides were formed. Here, cycloSal‐nucleotides were used to prepare monophosphate‐linked sugar nucleotides successfully in high anomeric purity and high chemical yield. The method was successfully used for the synthesis of three nucleotide glycopyranoses as model compounds. The method was then applied to the syntheses of CMP‐N‐acetyl‐neuraminic acids (CMP‐Neu5NAc) and of four derivatives with different modifications at their amino functions (N‐propanoyl, N‐butanoyl, N‐pentanoyl and N‐cyclopropylcarbonyl). The compounds were used for initial enzymatic studies with a bacterial polysialyltransferase (polyST). Surprisingly, the enzyme showed marked differences in terms of utilisation of the four derivatives. The N‐propanoyl, N‐butanoyl, and N‐pentanoyl derivatives were efficiently used in a first transfer with a fluorescently labelled trisialo‐acceptor. However, elongation of the resulting tetrasialo‐acceptors worsened progressively with the size of the N‐acyl chain. The N‐pentanoyl derivative allowed a single transfer, leading to a capped tetramer. The N‐cyclopropylcarbonyl derivative was not transferred.     

甜菜苗期干旱胁迫诱导差异表达cDNA的研究

为挖掘甜菜自身抗逆资源，明确甜菜抗逆分子机理，创新甜菜种质，采用模拟干旱条件方法对甜菜幼苗进行处理，同时设对照。提取甜菜叶片总RNA，经反转录成eDNA，筛选合适的锚定引物和随机引物，琼脂糖凝胶电泳、丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析mRNA的差异表达。结果表明：干旱条件下，甜菜部分eDNA出现差异表达情况，共有差异片段10条，其中表现为上调的4条，表现为下调的2条，新增条带4条。回收差异片段，Northern杂交验证，得到阳性差异基因片段4条。本研究结果有助于阐明甜菜抗逆调控的分子机理，为进一步培育抗旱新品种提供理论基础。     

Preparation of O‐carboxymethyl‐N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride and flocculation of the wastewater in sugar refinery

A novel water soluble amphiphilic O‐ carboxymethyl‐N‐trimethyl Chitosan chloride (CMTMC) was synthesized. The structure of this material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C‐NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results showed that CMTMC had been successfully prepared. To determine the flocculation performance of the synthesized amphiphilic polymer, a comparison was made among Chitosan (CS), N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), and CMTMC on the turbidity and COD removal efficiency of 1% (v/v) wastewater in sugar refinery suspensions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 at a dosage range of 0–8 mg/L. The results showed that the water soluble amphiphilic polymer CMTMC, which contains longer polymer anion and polymer cation, had the best performance not only in turbidity removal but also in COD removal on sugar refinery wastewater. The using of CMTMC as a flocculant to treat wastewater in sugar refinery was actually more effective than CS, CMC, and TMC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

单粒型甜菜杂交种中甜——吉洮单302的选育

中甜－－吉洮单302为单粒雄性不育杂交种，较丰产、高糖、高抗甜菜褐斑病，耐甜菜根腐病和丛根病。在1996－1998年的轻工国家区域试验（10个试验点）中，有6个点达到高糖型单粒甜菜国家选育标准，且含糖率均达到极显著水平。各达标点年度平均，与统一对照种HYB－13比，根产量提高3.87%，含糖率提高2.06度，产糖量提高19.24%。生产试验各点平均，与HYB－13比，根产量提高12.54%，含糖率提高1.99度，产糖量提高28.80％，褐斑病发病级数降低1.1级，根腐病率降低14.76个百分点。     

制浆制纸工厂的环境管理

对制浆造纸工厂的环境管理进行了讨论分析，以引起制浆造纸工厂对环境管理的重视。     

氮素水平对甜菜主要营养的影响

甜菜植株含氮量与施氮量呈极显著正相关，生育中前期氮的分配以叶部为主，其后氮向根的分配率增加，但高氮处理到生育后期氮对叶部的分配率仍处于较高水平，不利于产量形成和糖分积累。甜菜植株磷、钾含量与施氮量呈极显著正相关，氮与磷、钾表现出明显的互作效应。